In 711, Islamic forces swept across the Iberian Peninsula, and Barcelona fell under Umayyad control around 718. It remained on the northern frontier of Al-Andalus, never deeply integrated into the Muslim world. The city was governed by Muslim elites but retained many Christian and Jewish inhabitants. While this period was short-lived—Barcelona was conquered by the Franks in 801—it left its mark on the region’s architecture, place names, and cultural memory.